| Titre | Report to Natural Resources Canada Climate Change Adaptation - AP66 : transactional energy framework for net-zero energy communities |
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| Auteur | Saxena, S; Farag, H; Kim, H; Brookson, A; St. Hilaire, L |
| Source | 2021, 40p.  Accès ouvert |
| Liens | Online - En ligne
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| Liens | Sustainable Technologies Evaluation Program (STEP)
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| Image |  |
| Année | 2021 |
| Éditeur | Toronto and Region Conservation Authority |
| Document | livre |
| Lang. | anglais |
| Media | numérique; en ligne |
| Référence reliée | Cette publication est reliée à les publications suivantes |
| Formats | pdf |
| Province | Ontario |
| SNRC | 30; 31; 32; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 52; 53; 54 |
| Lat/Long OENS | -95.2500 -74.2500 57.0000 41.5000 |
| Sujets | énergie; Changement climatique; Mesures et options d'adaptation; effets cumulatifs; Sciences et technologie; Économie et industrie; Nature et environnement |
| Illustrations | séries chronologiques; tableaux; graphiques; représentations schématiques; graphique à barres |
| Programme | Les impacts et l'adaptation liés
aux changements climatiques |
| Programme | Les impacts et l'adaptation liés aux changements climatiques Programme sur l'adaptation liés aux changements climatiques |
| Diffusé | 2021 01 01 |
| Résumé | (Sommaire disponible en anglais seulement)
Climate change adaption within the energy sector is defined as a collection of strategies, tools, and actions to improve the sector's resilience to the
impacts of climate change [1]. A reactionary adaptation strategy is to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions produced by the energy and transportation sectors by increasing the uptake of distributed energy resources (DERs) such as solar distributed
generation, battery energy storage systems, electric vehicles, and smart thermostats. However, this strategy places excessive stress on the electric distribution system infrastructure and requires the upgrading of all residential distribution
transformers, resulting in capital expenditure (CAPEX) that would exceed $51 B [2].
Clearly, such massive upgrades to the distribution system are not feasible and will slow the adoption of DERs, thereby continuing to expose the population to
financial, economic, and social risks associated with climate change. As such, anticipatory adaptation strategies are needed to reduce the impact of these risks. To that end, this project investigates the impact of transactive energy frameworks
(TEFs) on the load profile an all-electric, 8 home, residential community. A TEF is a combination of incentive-based control techniques to improve grid resiliency and efficiency [12]. The deployment of a TEF within a residential community is
conceptualized as a peer to peer (P2P) energy trading marketplace, where homeowners may place energy bids for each of their owned DERs. Creating a residential energy marketplace has the potential to settle power mismatches and reduce peak load by
coordinating the charging cycles of battery energy storage systems and electric vehicles to increase the self-consumption of local renewable energy. Further, the TEF is implemented using blockchain technology to automate the bidding, validation, and
dispatching of individual DERs within the marketplace. The utilization of blockchain technology removes trust issues between market participants by using a shared distributed ledger that enables all transactions to be validated and audited in
consensus by all participants.
Simulated experiments on the 8 home residential community are conducted on three case studies, including: P2P energy trading, congestion relief, as well as power outage prevention. The TEF-based P2P energy trading
marketplace reduces a community summer peak load from 109.96 kW to 52.29 kW (reduction of 52%), while the local renewable energy utilization increases from 69% to 93%. The reduction of the peak load reduces the size of the upgrades needed to the
distribution system, resulting in an average of $56.8M (or 31.6%) of CAPEX savings for a sample size of distribution utilities. Further savings are enabled with the second study of congestion relief by adding demand caps on the community load, which
reduces the peak load to 41.71 kW and increases CAPEX savings to $102.5M (or 57.1%). Results for the third case study demonstrate the ability of BESSs to provide voltage support to the distribution grid to prevent sustained undervoltage events during
brownouts, resulting in annual community payments of $1440.
Lastly, a real-world, blockchain-based TEF is implemented using Hyperledger Fabric and deployed to a microgrid in Vaughan, Ontario. The TEF facilitates a marketplace that enables the
microgrid DERs to bid and trade for energy. Real work experiments show the ability of the TEF to automate the bidding and dispatch process of the DERs, as well as to respond to demand caps set by the utility to force zero grid consumption from the
microgrid during times of congestion. |
| Sommaire | (Résumé en langage clair et simple, non publié)
Ce rapport donne un aperçu des CET reposant sur une chaîne de blocs en fournissant un bref examen des marchés de l'énergie, en formulant des
stratégies d'enchères pour les DER et en présentant l'architecture de conception du système proposé. Les résultats expérimentaux sont présentés à partir de simulations et d'expériences réelles. Il y a ensuite une présentation des obstacles potentiels
à l'adoption des CET et des avantages du projet. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 330273 |
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