| Titre | Arctic Ocean seafloor geomorphic features and benthic habitats - relevance for conservation and marine spatial planning |
| Télécharger | Téléchargement (publication entière) |
| |
| Licence | Veuillez noter que la Licence du gouvernement
ouvert - Canada remplace toutes les licences antérieures. |
| Auteur | Harris, P T; Macmillan-Lawler, M |
| Source | Program and abstracts: 2017 GeoHab Conference, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada; par Todd, B J ; Brown, C J; Lacharité, M; Gazzola, V; McCormack, E; Commission géologique du Canada, Dossier public 8295, 2017 p. 55, https://doi.org/10.4095/305855  Accès ouvert |
| Liens | GeoHab 2017
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| Année | 2017 |
| Éditeur | Ressources naturelles Canada |
| Réunion | 2017 GeoHab: Marine Geological and Biological Habitat Mapping; Dartmouth, NS; CA; mai 1-4, 2017 |
| Document | dossier public |
| Lang. | anglais |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.4095/305855 |
| Media | en ligne; numérique |
| Référence reliée | Cette publication est contenue dans Program and
abstracts: 2017 GeoHab Conference, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada |
| Formats | pdf |
| Province | Région extracotière du nord |
| SNRC | 16; 19; 26; 27; 28; 29; 36; 37; 38; 39; 46; 47; 48; 49; 56; 57; 58; 59; 66; 67; 68; 69; 76; 77; 78; 79; 86; 87; 88; 89; 97; 98; 99; 107; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Région | Océan Arctique |
| Lat/Long OENS | -180.0000 180.0000 90.0000 64.0000 |
| Sujets | techniques de cartographie; océanographie; milieux marins; études côtières; conservation; organismes marins; écologie marine; gestion des ressources; peuplements biologiques; etudes de l'environnement;
écosystèmes; benthos; marges continentales; plate-forme continentale; talus continental; topographie du fond océanique; plateaux sous-marins; dorsales médio-océaniques; sédiments marins; dépôts glaciomarins; topographie glaciaire; planification;
biogéographie; glaciation; climat; Pléistocène; Biologie; Changement climatique; géologie marine; géologie des dépôts meubles/géomorphologie; géologie de l'environnement; Nature et environnement; Phanérozoïque; Cénozoïque; Quaternaire |
| Illustrations | croquis cartographiques |
| Programme | Géoscience en mer |
| Diffusé | 2017 09 26 |
| Résumé | (disponible en anglais seulement)
The Arctic Ocean is geomorphically unique among ocean basins for its large percentage areas of continental shelf (51.8%), plateau (9.2%), spreading ridges
(4.8%), shelf valleys (14.0%), submarine canyons (16.1%), and terraces (24.6%), all of which are greater in area proportionately compared with the earth's other ocean basins. It also is distinguished by its proportionately small areas of abyssal
plains, escarpments and seamounts as well as the absence of any hadal zones or deep ocean trenches (Fig. 1). These observations are relevant to the distribution of benthic species and Arctic biogeography, because seafloor geomorphic features are
surrogates for benthic habitats, at the relevant (broad) spatial scale.
Two categories of geomorphic feature can, in particular, be attributed to Pleistocene glaciation and the attendant export of sediment to the ocean basin: glacial troughs and
submarine canyons. Glacial troughs characterize 24% of the Arctic shelf, second only to Antarctica where 40% of shelf area is glacial trough. Arctic submarine canyons are twice the size of those in non-polar regions. Canyons in the Arctic have an
average size of 890 square kilometres compared to the overall (global) average size of 463 square kilometres. Canyons comprise an average of 11.2% of the continental slope area, attaining maxima of 16.1% of the continental slope of the Arctic Ocean.
The larger size and greater fractional slope-area of Arctic canyons is attributed to glacial export of sediments into the Arctic Ocean during Pleistocene ice ages.
Conservation measures in the Arctic include the declaration of marine protected
areas (MPAs) that are located mainly along the coasts and continental shelf areas of Arctic countries. This MPA configuration results in a lack of protection for categories of deep sea features such as submarine canyons, seamounts and spreading
ridges, and the unique benthic ecosystems that inhabit them. As anthropogenic climate change causes a gradual decline in sea ice cover, previously inaccessible benthic habitats may become vulnerable, for the first time, to human exploitation (i.e.
fisheries and oil and gas industries). |
| Sommaire | (Résumé en langage clair et simple, non publié)
La seizième conférence annuelle GeoHab s'est déroulée cette année (2017) au campus Waterfront du Nova Scotia Community College à Dartmouth, en
Nouvelle-Écosse, au Canada. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 305855 |
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