| Titre | Seismic velocity modelling, fixed point optimization, and evaluation of positioning uncertainty in the central Labrador Sea region: methods, a software tool, and an application |
| Télécharger | Téléchargements |
| Auteur | Li, Q; Shimeld, J; Dickie, K; Dehler, S A; Mosher, D; Desroches, K |
| Source | Commission géologique du Canada, Dossier public 7665, 2015, 116 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/295859 (Accès ouvert) |
| Année | 2015 |
| Éditeur | Ressources naturelles Canada |
| Document | dossier public |
| Lang. | anglais |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.4095/295859 |
| Media | en ligne; numérique |
| Formats | pdf |
| Province | Région extracotière de l'est |
| Lat/Long OENS | -64.0000 -44.0000 64.0000 52.0000 |
| Sujets | interpretations sismiques; vitesse des ondes sismiques; sismo-sondages; modèles; analyses du temps de parcours; plate-forme continentale; marges continentales; compaction; géophysique; géologie
marine |
| Illustrations | location maps; tables; plots; models; profiles; histograms |
| Programme | Preparation of a submission for an extended continental shelf in the Atlantic and Arctic Oceans under UNCLOS, Délimitation du plateau continental du Canada en vertu de la Convention des Nations Unies
sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS) |
| Diffusé | 2015 02 17 |
| Résumé | (disponible en anglais seulement)
Conversion between seismic two-way time (TWT) and sediment thickness is required to implement Article 76 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
The deep water sedimentary succession of the central Labrador Sea is used to illustrate our approach to this problem. Multiple available sources of sediment seismic velocity information are assembled and analyzed with their cons and pros for this
purpose, including scientific boreholes, seismic wide-angle reflection/refraction data, and proxy observations based on the normal moveout of seismic reflections. The latter exhibit a high degree of scatter and are subject to many caveats. Therefore
we preprocessed the borehole and wide-angle reflection/refraction measurements from widely distributed locations across the region of interest to create a regional model of sediment velocity versus burial depth. The velocity model is constructed by
numerical fitting of the observations with a slowness (inverse velocity) function that has strong theoretical and empirical linkages with the first-order porosity reduction behaviour documented for deep water successions around the world. The
mathematical form of the model is attractive because it yields physically plausible velocities at depths beyond the range of observation, and because the model parameters are readily interpretable in terms of geologically significant physical
properties. The fitting procedure of sediment velocity model accommodates measurement error in both velocity and depth by employing the reduced major axis (RMA) method. With RMA modeling, the bootstrapping method is used to estimate confidence
bounds. For the example from the Labrador Sea, the bootstrapping results indicate an overall certainty of ±6.0% at the 95% level of confidence. An analytical function is derived that allows the model to be used for precise depth-to-time conversion.
For time-to-depth conversion, the Newton-Raphson method is employed that provides a predefined accuracy, such as within ±1.0 cm with computing efficiency. Comparison of the velocity model with global results from deep sea drilling and also deep water
marine shales of the Gulf of Mexico demonstrates a remarkable level of correspondence. In addition to providing support for the velocity model and its underlying methodology, the comparison provide strong evidence that porosity reduction due to
compaction is the predominant factor controlling seismic velocity within the deep water marine successions. The purpose of invoking Article 76 is to define outermost fixed points along the margin. There are several criteria. One is the maximum of
2500 m bathymetry isoline plus 60 nm criterion; another is the sediment thickness formula which requires the sediment thickness to be greater than 1% of its distance to the nearest foot of continental slope (FOS). Implementation of sediment thickness
criteria is significantly optimized in this work by integrating the interpreted seismic horizons (seafloor and top of basement), FOS points, and the conversion between TWT and sediment thickness using the constructed velocity model. Positioning
uncertainty is unavoidable for current techniques in the identification of outmost fixed points. The sources of uncertainty include FOS identification, positioning of survey equipment, seismic data processing, horizon identification, and conversion
between TWT and sediment thickness. These uncertainty sources are integrated into the net positioning uncertainty according to the methodology suggested by United Nations agencies. A software tool kit is provided for the construction of the velocity
model, conversion between TWT and sediment thickness, optimization the identification of fixed point, and uncertainty evaluation. They are characterized flexibility as well as efficiency, such as one page web application and look up table enabling to
be embedded them in a document, batch processing of all seismic profiles in one region, interactive graphic application. A user manual is also provided with giving step by step demonstration in this report. |
| Résumé | (Résumé en langage clair et simple, non publié)
Dans ce rapport, nous décrivons une partie de notre travail pour la Convention des Nations Unies sur le droit de la mer (UNCLOS) dans la région
centrale de la mer du Labrador. Nous ajustons les données de vitesse sur une fonction de vélocité et estimons le niveau de confiance de celle ci par la méthode du bootstrap. Nous utilisons la méthode de Newton-Raphson pour déterminer l'épaisseur des
sédiments à partir des temps de propagation aller-retour du signal. Nous produisons une ligne « Q », qui indique si un point de profondeur commune satisfait ou non aux critères requis pour être un point fixe selon la définition des points fixes
optimisés. Les erreurs des différentes sources sont intégrées dans l'incertitude nette de position. Nous compilons des données de plusieurs sources sur la vitesse au centre de la mer du Labrador et les utilisons pour construire le modèle de vitesse
et pour estimer son incertitude pour l'optimisation des points fixes et pour l'évaluation de l'incertitude de positionnement. Nous créons et documentons un outil logiciel qui facilite ces procédures de traitement et de visualisation. Cet outil
possède une interface utilisateur graphique interactive et des fonctions de traitement en lot et de visualisation. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295859 |
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