| Title | Snow cover measurement networks / Réseaux nivométriques |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 8, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295274  Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of the snow course stations and the agencies that operate them. Most Canadian snow courses are operated by the federal Department of Fisheries and the
Environment and the provincial government departments concerned with water resources. Though the principles of snow surveying were largely developed in the United States, the Canadian experience has been lengthy, with courses established and
continuously operated in British Columbia, the Bow River basin of Alberta, and the Shawinigan River basin in Quebec and in Newfoundland from the early years of the 20th century. Other agencies became involved in the thirties and forties. National
Research Council supported important studies across the country on the physical properties of snow. Recent network growth may be attributed generally to an increasing government role in planning resource development. The disastrous Red River flood of
1951 encouraged the Manitoba Department of Mines and Natural Resources to develop an extensive r |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295274 |
|
|
| Title | Annual snowfall / Chutes de neige annuelles |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 9, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295275 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the annual snowfall (in centimetres) based on the 30-year period 1941-1970. Snowfall is measured by inserting a ruler into the new snow at several points to obtain
its depth and to estimate the degree of drifting or scouring that has occurred. The water equivalent of snowfall for most climatologically stations is estimated by simply assuming the freshly fallen snow has a density of 0.10 gram per cubic
centimetre. On the average, this is a sound approximation over large parts of the country, but variations from 0.05 to 0.15 are common from storm to storm, and in the drier regions the average density is probably closer to 0.08 gram per cubic
centimetre. Since 1961 the Nipher shielded snow gauge has been used at principal stations to derive the water equivalent of snowfalls. Snow collected in the gauge is melted to obtain this value. At remote stations snowfall is measured in terms of
water equivalent by automatic and storage gauges, such as the Fischer and Porter Gauge and the Sacramento |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295275 |
|
|
| Title | Depth, duration, and frequency of point rainfall - 10-minute rainfall for 2-year, 5-year, 10-year and 25-year return periods. / Hauteur, durée et fréquence des précipitations ponctuelles - intervalle de 10
minutes et périodes de récurcurrence de 2, 5, 10 et 25 ans. |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 4, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295276 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps of 10 minute rainfalls (in millimetres) for a 2 year return period, a 5 year return period, a 10 year return period and a 25 year return period. Each
map has a detailed inset of the Vancouver area. These four maps were not analyzed for the mountainous parts of Canada in British Columbia and the Yukon because of the limited number of stations, the non-representative nature of the valley stations
and the variability of precipitation owing to the orographic effects. From the incomplete data, it is impossible to draw accurate isolines of short duration rainfall amounts on maps of national scale. Point values for all stations west of the Rocky
Mountain range and in the Yukon have been plotted for durations of less than 24 hours. For the Vancouver metropolitan area, recording rain gauges have been in operation for several years. For some of these stations point rainfall data have been
plotted on inset maps. The density of climatological stations varies widely as does populatio |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295276 |
|
|
| Title | Depth, duration and frequency of point rainfall - 60 minute rainfall for 2-year, 5-year, 10 year and 25-year return periods / Hauteur, durée et fréquence des précipitaions ponctuelles - intervalle de 60
minutes et périodes de récurrence de 2, 5, 10 et 25 ans |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 5, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295277 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps of 60 minute rainfalls (in millimetres) for a 2 year return period, a 5 year return period, a 10 year return period and a 25 year return period. Each
map has a detailed inset of the Vancouver area. These four maps were not analyzed for the mountainous parts of Canada in British Columbia and the Yukon because of the limited number of stations, the non-representative nature of the valley stations
and the variability of precipitation owing to the orographic effects. From the incomplete data, it is impossible to draw accurate isolines of short duration rainfall amounts on maps of national scale. Point values for all stations west of the Rocky
Mountain range and in the Yukon have been plotted for durations of less than 24 hours. For the Vancouver metropolitan area, recording rain gauges have been in operation for several years. For some of these stations point rainfall data have been
plotted on inset maps. The density of climatological stations varies widely as does populatio |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295277 |
|
|
| Title | Depth, duration and frequency of point rainfall - 24-hour rainfall for 2-year, 5-year, 10 year and 25-year return periods / Hauteur, durée et fréquence des précipitaions ponctuelles - intervalle de 24
heures et périodes de récurrence de 2, 5, 10 et 25 ans |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 6, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295278 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps of 24 hour rainfalls (in millimetres) for a 2 year return period, a 5 year return period, a 10 year return period and a 25 year return period. Each
map has a detailed inset of the Vancouver area. These four maps were not analyzed for the mountainous parts of Canada in British Columbia and the Yukon because of the limited number of stations, the non-representative nature of the valley stations
and the variability of precipitation owing to the orographic effects. From the incomplete data, it is impossible to draw accurate isolines of short duration rainfall amounts on maps of national scale. Point values for all stations west of the Rocky
Mountain range and in the Yukon have been plotted for durations of less than 24 hours. For the Vancouver metropolitan area, recording rain gauges have been in operation for several years. For some of these stations point rainfall data have been
plotted on inset maps. The density of climatological stations varies widely as does population |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295278 |
|
|
| Title | Depth, duration, and frequency of point rainfall - ratios of 6-hour, 48-hour, and 72-hour rainfall to 24-hour extremes; location of recording rain gauges used in the analyses / Hauteur, durée et fréquence
des précipitations ponctuelles - rapports des valeurs de 6, 48 et 72 heures aux valeurs extrêmes de 24 heures; emplacement des pluviomètres enregistreurs employés dans les analyses |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 7, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295279 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps. The first map shows the location of recording rain gauges used in the map and their number of years of record. The three other maps show the ratio
6-hour/24-hour rainfall extremes, the ratio 48-hour/24-hour rainfall extremes and the ratio 72-hour/24-hour rainfall extremes. Ratios of 6-hour/24-hour rainfall vary from less than 0.5 to above 0.8, the lowest being over coastal areas that are more
affected by travelling low pressure systems, and the highest over the Prairies and Southern Ontario where convective activity and intense thunderstorms of short duration predominate. The isolines of the 48-hour/24-hour rainfall ratio show less
spatial variation than the other ratios, varying from 1.1 to 1.4. Generally the lowest values are in eastern Canada. The other rainfall ratio chart, 72-hour/24-hour, is very similar to the 48-hour/24-hour chart. The highest ratios above 1.6 are
confined to the coastal mountains of British Columbia and along the eastern shore of Baffin Island |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295279 |
|
|
| Title | Mean maximum depth of snow and time of occurrence / Épaisseur maximale moyenne de neige et date moyenne d'observation |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 11, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295280 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the mean maximum depth of snow in centimetres, the standard deviation of the mean maximum depth of snow, and the mean date of mean maximum depth of snow. The
information shown on the map is compiled from 1961 1970 snow course data in conjunction with 1955 1972 snow depth data. An appreciation of the quantity of snow in storage within a drainage basin during late winter is critical to spring flood
forecasting. As well, decisions regarding overland transport and wildlife control can be rationally taken. Snow courses have been established to estimate regional snow depth and water equivalent, but the cover is also measured by all principal
meteorological stations and by many climatological stations. The depth is measured either by inserting a graduated probe in a relatively drift-free area or by recording the height of the snow indicated by a stationary object such as a stake
positioned in the ground prior to snow accumulation. Since the snow surface is irregular in most areas because o |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295280 |
|
|
| Title | Radiation / Rayonnement |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 12, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295281 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; temperature; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps: (1) map of the global solar radiation network and sunshine recorder network; (2) annual global solar radiation; (3) June cloudless day radiation;
and (4) mean annual net radiation. Stations recorded data to the end of 1970. Solar and net radiation are measured from a network of over 50 stations and supplementary information is also provided by over 200 sunshine recorder stations. Regular
network data is published in a Monthly Radiation Summary, which started in 1952 with daily totals, then added hourly totals in 1960. The Canadian radiation network has been rather unevenly distributed spatially to allow good quantitative estimates to
be made for all locations. Fortunately, however, there is an excellent correlation between monthly means of the duration of sunshine and monthly means of global solar radiation. The sunshine network is more extensive so that interpolated values can
be obtained except where the density is low, as for example, in the North. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295281 |
|
|
| Title | Mean January daily temperature / Température quotidienne moyenne en janvier |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 14, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295282 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; temperature; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the mean January daily temperature based on the 30-year period 1941-1970. The lowest mean January daily temperatures are below -35 degrees Celsius and are located
on Ellesmere Island and on Axel Heiberg Island and south of the Boothia Peninsula in Nunavut. The highest mean January daily temperatures are above 0 degrees Celsius and are located on the west coast of British Columbia. Generally, the mean increases
from north to south, from -35 to -2.5 degrees Celsius. In Canada temperature regimes change drastically from season to season, and even within a season there are often marked changes which affect the whole nature and character of outside activities.
The major factors that affect temperature are latitude and thus the length of daylight; elevation; distribution of land and water; and prevailing winds and storm tracks. Although the least direct and the least intense incoming solar radiation occurs
in December, there is a lag in the cooling of the Earths surface. As a result, the col |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295282 |
|
|
| Title | Mean July daily temperature / Température quotidienne moyenne en juillet |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 15, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295283 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; temperature; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the mean daily temperatures based on the 30-year period 1941-1970 for the warmest month in Canada. Although, the most direct and the most intense incoming solar
radiation occurs in June, there is a lag in the warming of the Earths surface. As a result the warmest month in Canada is normally July. The lowest mean July temperatures are below 5 degrees Celsius and are located in the Arctic Islands. The highest
mean July daily temperatures are above 20 degrees Celsius and are located in southern Ontario, southern Quebec, south of Winnipeg, Manitoba, the Medicine Hat area of Alberta and in some valleys in the interior of British Columbia. Generally, the mean
increases from north to south, from 2.5 to 22.5 degrees Celsius. In British Columbia, the warmer temperatures are in river basins of the Cordillera. In fact, all valleys of the Cordillera are warmer than the surrounding slopes. In winter, however,
atmospheric inversions may result in valleys being warmer or colder than higher terrain. T |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295283 |
|
|
| Title | Freeze-up and break-up of rivers and lakes / Gel et débâcle des glaces des cours d'eau et des lacs |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 19, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295284 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; climate; runoff; lakes; rivers; water levels |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps showing the mean river freeze-over date, the mean lake freeze-over date, the mean river ice-free date and the mean lake ice free date. The four maps
depict, in a general way, the average dates on which freshwater bodies in Canada become completely ice-covered in the fall, and become completely ice-free in the spring. The formation of an ice cover on a water body is called freeze-up; and the
melting and dissipation of this ice cover is called break-up. Freeze-up begins when surface water is cooled to 0 degrees Celsius and ice crystals begin to form; it ends when the water body has attained its maximum ice coverage. Most lakes freeze over
completely; rivers may or may not, depending on their location, size, and flow characteristics. The final stage of the freeze-up process may be termed freeze-over. Break-up normally begins when air temperatures rise above 0 degrees Celsius, and when
surface and internal melting of the ice sheet begins. The process is aided by the action |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295284 |
|
|
| Title | River systems of Canada / Réseaux fluviaux du Canada |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 20, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295285 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; lakes; rivers |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of rivers, glaciers and the six physiographic regions of Canada. Rivers serve as the natural drainage channels for surface waters. The network formed
by river systems receives water from two main sources: runoff and base flow. Runoff is that part of precipitation which flows toward the river on the ground surface (surface runoff) or within the soil (subsurface runoff or interflow).
Evapotranspiration and flow to the groundwater are excluded. To understand the evolution of the pattern of river systems seen on the map it is necessary to assume that the physical processes which are in evidence today are the same as those which
have operated throughout the earth's history. Given this assumption of continuity, it becomes apparent that river evolution may be attributed to a number of factors, including changing climate and precipitation, tilting of the earth's surface,
glaciation and other geologic processes, ground cover, and man's activities. Possibly the most important factor |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295285 |
|
|
| Title | Streamflow gauging stations / Stations de jaugeage du débit |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 21, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295286 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; water levels |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location and the number of years of recorded data for the Water Survey of Canada streamflow gauging stations and the Quebec Department of Natural Resources
stations. Almost 9 per cent of all the world's river water which flows to the oceans has its source within Canada's boundaries. Because water is an extremely valuable natural resource, it is vital to monitor Canada's rivers for a continuous
assessment of streamflow distribution and its variability. The stations depicted on the map represent points where water level measurements are made and converted to streamflow discharge (in cubic feet per second or cubic metres per second). Water
levels, called stage, are translated to discharge by means of a stage-discharge curve or rating curve, which is established by measuring discharges for various stages as they occur throughout the year. The individual discharge measurements are made
by determining the velocity profile or mean velocity for incremental portions of the total river cross |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295286 |
|
|
| Title | Large lakes / Lacs à grande étendue |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 18, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295287 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; environmental geology; hydrology; lakes |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of 565 lakes and reservoirs with a total lake area larger than 100 square kilometres or 38.6 square miles. A table shows the fifteen largest lakes
ranked by their area with their maximum depth. An examination of inland hydrologic subsystems must stress the roles of lakes and lake systems. This is particularly true in Canada, where fresh water covers about 8 per cent of the surface area, an area
greater than the province of Alberta, which comprises about 5 per cent of the Canadian landmass. The rate at which water is evaporated from large lake surfaces depends on the surface temperature of lakes. Although the hydraulic flow-through forces
are the most significant in influencing the rate at which lakes lose water downstream on the surface, lake currents may also be established because of horizontal differences in lake water density. Wind-induced seiches have often caused substantial
rapid fluctuations in lake levels, resulting in flooding and other water management problems |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295287 |
|
|
| Title | Annual large river flow / Débit annuel des grands cours d'eau |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 22, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295288 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; stream flow |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the six major drainage areas in Canada, the major diversions in 1975 and the flow (in cubic metres per second) of rivers whose mean annual flow at the outlet of
their river basin exceeds 400 cubic metres per second. The Mackenzie and the St. Lawrence rivers have the two largest annual flows. The world's largest river, the Amazon, has an average discharge of 212,000 cubic metres per second; more than
one-sixth of the world's total river discharge. The Congo, second largest, has an average discharge of 39,600 cubic metres per second, less than one-fifth the flow of the Amazon. The largest river in North America, the Mississippi, has an average
discharge of 17,300 cubic metres per second. Canada's largest, the St. Lawrence, discharges 10,100 cubic metres per second, at Nicolet; her second largest, the Mackenzie, flows into the Arctic Ocean with a mean annual discharge of 9,910 cubic metres
per second. Discharges for the map were estimated at the river mouth or where the river crossed the |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295288 |
|
|
| Title | Variation of monthly river flows / Variation des débits mensuels des cours d'eau |
| Download | Downloads |
|
|
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 23, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295289 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; stream flow |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate shows a graph of the maximum and minimum monthly mean flow and mean monthly river flow for 36 selected river gauging stations. Thirty-six gauging stations across Canada
were selected to represent a cross section of river types and sizes. Most of the rivers are natural flow; however, minor regulation does occur on some for various reasons, such as hydro development, storage for dry periods, irrigation, and flood
prevention. The shape of each plot shown on the map depends to a large extent on the amount of storage in each basin. For example, the Saskatchewan River basin has comparatively little storage and a sharp peak and dip, while the Churchill River basin
has a large amount of natural lake storage and a smoother curve. The large storage tends to level out flows and reduce the predominance of the peak flow in the river. A good example of this effect is the St. Lawrence River where, because of the very
large storage of the Great Lakes, little variation is evident. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295289 |
|
|
| Title | Annual runoff / Écoulement annuel |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 24, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295290 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; stream flow; runoff |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the annual runoff in millimetres. Annual runoff varies from year to year owing to variations in precipitation, evaporation, and natural storage. The map presents
the long-term average of these annual variations. The annual runoff is smallest in southern Saskatchewan and southeastern Alberta with values lower than 25 millimetres. The greatest annual runoff occurs on the west coast of British Columbia where
values reach over 3200 millimetres. In the east of the country, the values are around 1000 to 1400 millimetres on the coast of Newfoundland and decrease as one goes west to reach values lower than 200 millimetres in Manitoba. The map has been
compiled using actual and synthesized data from a number of sources. In most parts of the country, isolines of mean annual runoff are shown at 100-millimetre intervals, but for mountainous terrain, particularly in British Columbia, such an interval
is not possible on a map of this scale. A few representatives isolines are shown, to indicate the t |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295290 |
|
|
| Title | Water quality networks / Réseaux de contrôle de la qualité des eaux |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 27, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295291 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; water quality; Water quality |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the locations of water quality network stations operated by the federal Water Quality Branch, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, and the provincial Water
Quality Branches of Quebec, Ontario, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia. The federal and provincial monitoring programs provide natural water quality data, data on environmental contaminants, and interpretive information to a wide field of
users in support of water resources management programs, pollution control and environmental assessment studies, legislation and research, and federal-provincial, interprovincial, and international agreements. The programs are designed essentially to
detect and quantify water pollution, to determine water quality trends on a national and regional basis, and to measure the effectiveness of remedial pollution control measures on surface waters. In this way a better understanding will be achieved of
the behaviour and fate of pollutants in the environment and their effects on physical |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295291 |
|
|
| Title | Water quality of surface waters / Qualité des eaux de surface |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 28, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295292 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; lakes; rivers; water quality; Water quality |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps showing the Hardness of Surface Water, Total Dissolved Solids of Surface Waters, Turbidity of Surface Waters and the Chemical Quality of Typical
Surface Waters of Canada. These water quality maps were based on data collected from 1970 and 1971 at national river monitoring stations. Only stations with five or more observations over the 2-year period were considered in the compilation. For
stations with fewer than five observations and for areas where no data were available, data were extrapolated from surrounding areas. Interpretation is difficult for these maps because it is difficult to generalize on such a broad basis. Some of the
provinces, as well as the federal government, have set down some criteria for various water uses, such as drinking water supplies, aesthetics and recreational water, shellfish culture, preservation of wildlife, industrial water, agricultural water,
and the preservation of aquatic ecosystems. Since the water use categories are so varied, it is |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295292 |
|
|
| Title | Groundwater observation wells / Puits d'observation des eaux souterraines |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 29, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295293 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; aquifers; groundwater |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of the six hydrogeological regions in Canada and the location of observation wells. The terrain composition is also shown on the map, which includes
crystalline rocks, mixed crystalline rocks, folded sedimentary rocks and flat lying sedimentary rocks. The southern limit of continuous permafrost zone and the limit of the discontinuous permafrost zone appear on the map. Canada has been divided into
six hydrogeological regions on the basis of similarities of geology, climate, and topography. These six hydrogeological regions are (1) the Appalachians, covering the area of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and the
Gaspé and Eastern Townships of Quebec; (2) the St. Lawrence Lowlands, covering Anticosti Island, the extreme southern area of Quebec, and the southern part of Ontario; (3) the Canadian Shield, lying north of the St. Lawrence Lowlands and extending
northward to a line joining the north end of Lake Winnipeg to Anticosti Island; (4) the Inte |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295293 |
|
|
| Title | Surficial hydrogeology / Hydrogéologie des dépôts meubles |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 30, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295294 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; groundwater |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the quantity and quality of groundwater. The quality is the total dissolved solids in parts per million. The quantity is expressed in litres per second. During the
Pleistocene epoch Canada was almost entirely covered by glaciers. Hence, although there are extensive and hydrologically important alluvial (river) deposits, as well as lesser areas of eolian (wind-deposited) materials, the country's unconsolidated
surficial materials are predominantly of glacial derivation. These highly variable and irregular glacial materials contain many of the best local near-surface aquifers. The groundwater resource potential of the materials depends on their
intergranular porosity and permeability, which result from the mode of deposition. Some glacial materials were deposited directly by ice; others, by running water and standing meltwater. In size they range from a very fine rock flour and clays
through sands and gravels to large blocks. Tills and clays, however, are the predominant glacial deposits |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295294 |
|
|
| Title | Bedrock hydrogeology / Hydrogéologie de la roche de fond |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 31, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295295 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; bedrock geology; groundwater |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location and distribution of bedrock aquifers. The quality is expressed by the total dissolved solids in parts per million and the quantity is expressed in
litre per second. Bedrock deposits consist of sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks; Canada possesses all three types. Sedimentary rocks have a much greater aquifer potential than the other two types of bedrock, but because of their depth, they
are less accessible and less economical to use than aquifers in the unconsolidated surficial materials. Metamorphic and igneous rocks, which have low porosity and permeability, are, in general, poor aquifers and expensive to exploit, although
locally, fracturing and shear zones may provide reasonable groundwater supplies on a domestic or slightly larger scale. It must be realized that both quantity and quality of groundwater can vary markedly from one location to another over very short
distances. Because of scale limitations, areas of salt-water intrusion along marine coastlines ha |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295295 |
|
|
| Title | Winds / Les vents |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 16, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295296 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; evaporation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The plate contains four maps: Annual Winds, March Winds, August Winds and Annual Maximum Wind Speed. For each of the first three maps the frequency of wind, the mean speed of
wind, and the frequency of calms are shown. On all three maps the frequency scale is 1 millimetre equals 2 percent. These values are presented for 50 locations across Canada. The map on the annual maximum wind speed shows the annual maximum hourly
wind speeds in kilometres per hour for 30 year return period. Various types of anemometers can be used to measure wind. In Canada, two types are used; both employ a set of rotating cups mounted on a mast to indicate wind speed and a weather vane to
indicate direction. There are about 200 anemometers of each type in use at the present time. Most anemometers are mounted according to World Meteorological Organization standards, at a height of 10 metres above the effective terrain. That is to say,
the anemometer would be 10 metres above ground level over grassland, and 10 metres above the |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295296 |
|
|
| Title | Mean annual lake evaporation / Évaporation annuelle moyenne des eaux lacustres |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 17, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295297 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; evaporation; climate; lakes |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map represents the mean value (in millimetres) of the annual loss of water through the evaporation process from the surfaces of open water bodies, such as ponds and shallow
lakes and reservoirs based on the 10-year period 1957 to 1966. The greatest mean annual lake evaporation (more than 900 millimetres) occurs in southwest Saskatchewan and southeast Alberta. The smaller means (less than 100 millimetres) appear in the
Arctic Islands. The mean annual lake evaporation across Canada generally decreases from south to north. The map also shows the location of the stations, which are part of the Class A pan evaporation network used for the analysis and additional
stations operating in 1974.The rate at which water evaporates from a lake depends primarily on two factors: first, the rate at which energy is supplied to the evaporating surface to effect the change of state of water to water vapour (requires 2.47
joules per kilogram) and secondly, the rate of diffusion of water vapour away from the surface. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295297 |
|
|
| Title | Permafrost / Pergélisol |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 32, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295298 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; permafrost |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of the continuous permafrost zone and the discontinuous permafrost zone including areas of wide spread permafrost, areas of scattered permafrost and
permafrost areas in the Cordillera. The map also indicates for six locations (Inuvik, Yellowknife, Thompson, Resolute, Rankin Inlet and Schefferville) the thickness of permafrost in metres and the ground temperature. Permafrost is a term used to
describe the thermal condition of earth materials, such as soil and rock, when their temperature remains below 0 degrees Celsius continuously for more than 1 year. One-half of Canada's land surface is underlain by permafrost. The permafrost region is
divided into two zones: continuous in the north and discontinuous in the south. In the continuous zone, permafrost exists everywhere beneath the land surface and varies in thickness from about 100 metres at the southern limit to 1000 metres in the
Far North. The active layer usually extends down to the permafrost. In the discontinuous zone |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295298 |
|
|
| Title | Water balance - derived precipitation and evapotranspiration / Bilan hydrique - précipitation et évapotranspiration dérivées |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 25, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295299 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; evaporation |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows isolines for the annual precipitation and the annual evapotranspiration (in millimetres). Water is normally supplied by precipitation and lost through the processes
of evapotranspiration and runoff or it may remain as surface or subsurface storage. Over long periods, generally several years or more, changes in water storage for any particular region may be neglected, and the precipitation (P) is balanced by
evapotranspiration (E) and runoff (N). The concept of a water balance was first introduced in the literature by Thornthwaite in 1944 as a means of calculating evapotranspiration. Since that time, the water balance concept has been used in a variety
of ways; herein it is viewed conceptually by the following equation: P = N + E. In this form, the water balance equation can serve a dual purpose. It can provide estimates of any of the components P, N, or E as long as the other two are known, or it
can serve as a check when each of the components has been measured independently. The der |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295299 |
|
|
| Title | The hydrologic cycle / Le cycle hydrologique |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 1, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295300 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; hydrologic environment |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
Hydrology is the science concerned with the occurrence and distribution of water on and under the earth. Meteorology is the science dealing with the atmosphere and the movement
of water, both as vapour and as liquid, in the air. Both sciences are concerned with the hydrologic cycle - the circulation of water from oceans through the atmosphere back to the oceans or to the land and thence to the oceans by overland and
subterranean routes. Water is constantly on the move. Evaporation takes place from a multitude of surfaces ranging from a free water surface on the ocean to the moisture on a leaf. Precipitation falls in various forms - snow, rain, hail. Also,
moisture is deposited on the surface of the earth by the formation of dew and frost. Water is stored for varying lengths of time in a number of forms including atmospheric moisture, water in swamps and lakes, soil moisture, groundwater, ice in
glaciers, and snow on the ground. Water is transferred from one environment to another by surface runoff, |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295300 |
|
|
| Title | Dates of formation and loss of snow cover / Date d'apparition et de disparition de la couverture neigeuse |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 10, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295301 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows isolines on four different dates: 1) the day of the year when there are less than or equal to 2.5 centimetres of snow that occurs and remain absent for 7 or more
days; 2) the standard deviation of the mean date of snow cover loss; 3) the day of year when greater than or equal to 2.5 centimetres of snow occur and remain for more than 7 days; and 4) the standard deviation of the mean date of snow cover
formation. The beginning and end of the winter season in Canada is usually identified with the formation and disappearance of snow cover in autumn and spring respectively. The duration of snow cover varies considerably from year to year in the
southern fringes of the country and adjacent to the east and west coasts. However, even in northern continental areas early and late snowfalls which leave an ephemeral snow cover are common. The beginning and end of the Canadian snow season is the
earliest and latest dates when 2.5 centimetres or more snow was measured. However, this definition is di |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295301 |
|
|
| Title | Suspended sediment concentration / Concentration des sédiments en suspension |
| Download | Downloads |
|
|
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 26, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295302 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; water quality |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the concentration (annual load) of suspended sediments into rivers (in milligrams per litre). The load of sediment is lower in the Canadian Shield area and on the
Arctic Islands. The greatest loads appear in the Prairie Provinces and in the Cordillera. The map also shows histograms of the mean monthly suspended sediment load in metric tons per day per square kilometre times 10-3 for ten rivers across Canada.
Data are compiled from 1961 to 1970. Every year, about 300 million metric tons of sediment is carried by Canadian rivers to the oceans or across national boundaries. To appreciate the volumes involved consider that if the suspended sediment reaching
the mouth of the Fraser River over a period of 1 year could be massed in a conical pile with 45-degree slopes, it would reach a height equivalent to a 100-story building (almost 300 metres). Transportation of soil particles from the land surface
begins with the action of precipitation. The precipitation dislodges soil particles; the d |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295302 |
|
|
| Title | Precipitation networks / Réseaux de précipitation |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 2, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295303 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The Atmospheric Environment Service has no network density limitations for stations reporting precipitation. As general guidance it is suggested that gauge separations should be
about 15 miles (24 kilometres) in rural areas; a higher density is desirable in more heavily populated areas, and in areas with marked orographic influences. For watershed studies and management, the density of stations should be based on a study of
the requirements of each project. In areas of marked variation such as occur in mountainous regions, and coastlines, it is desirable to have long-term stations with exposure representative of the main physiographic features, for example slopes and
valley bottoms. Other special networks of precipitation stations are established from time to time, perhaps for research projects or cooperative studies. They are usually operated for short periods in collaboration with universities, government
agencies or industrial concerns. The map shows the distribution of precipitation stations in |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295303 |
|
|
| Title | Annual precipitation / Précipitations annuelles |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 3, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295304 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; precipitation; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
Precipitation is derived from water vapour in the air, and it includes all forms of moisture falling on the earth's surface. Condensed water vapour accumulates in clouds, and
precipitation occurs when the constituent ice crystals or water droplets grow too large to resist gravitational attraction to earth. The atmospheric moisture lost through precipitation is replenished by transpiration from vegetation, and by
evaporation from the soil and from water bodies. The oceans, which cover 71 per cent of the earth's surface, are the primary source, though large fresh water bodies may be important locally, particularly in more southern latitudes. The map shows the
annual precipitation (in millimetres) based on the 30-year period 1941 1970. The map was prepared from measurements at stations in the national precipitation network. In 1974 this network consisted of about 2700 stations, however, many have been in
existence for only short periods. For statistical analysis a long series of data is required. To b |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295304 |
|
|
| Title | Air temperature measurement network / Réseau de mesure de la température de l'air |
| Download | Downloads |
|
|
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 13, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295305 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; temperature; climate |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of the air temperature measurement stations. Fragmentary meteorological reports were prepared and published by European explorers in the North American
Arctic during the late 16th and 17th centuries. Many employees of the Hudson's Bay Company kept careful observations of weather in Western Canada in the 18th and 19th centuries, and their records are still kept in the archives of the Hudson's Bay
Company. Regular detailed weather observations were made for Quebec City, between April 1, 1765 and April 30, 1766. Long-term weather observations in Canada involved daily readings of a thermometer and barometer for the years 1768 and 1769 at Fort
Prince of Wales on Hudson Bay. During the years 1788 to 1822, forts and fur trading post were built across the western plains where thermometers, wind vanes, and barometers have been set up. The first official meteorological observations were taken
at Toronto Magnetic Observatory on Christmas Day, 1839, and continuous daily temperature re |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295305 |
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| Title | Influence of glaciers on streamflow / Influence des glaciers sur le débit des cours d'eau |
| Download | Downloads |
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| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 33, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295306 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; stream flow; water levels; glaciers |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows the location of glaciers and ice caps and also indicates the rivers and the lakes, which are fed by a glacier (or an ice cap) meltwater. The purpose of this plate
is to identify those streams which are fed by glacier meltwaters. Because of the scale of the map, many minor glaciers have not been shown and, hence, streams fed by such glaciers are not depicted as being glacier fed. The proportion of
glacier-derived to non-glacier-derived water decreases as one goes downstream from the glaciers. The map shows many short streams in the Arctic islands and in the mountains of western Canada which are affected by glacier melt. However, the lower
reaches of long glacier-fed streams, such as the Mackenzie and Columbia Rivers, are affected very little by the presence of glaciers within their catchments.The 20th century has witnessed the shrinking of many glaciers. The release of this water from
storage has produced higher discharges from many glacier-fed streams than would be expected from precip |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295306 |
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| Title | Influence of man / Facteurs anthropiques |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Source | Hydrological Atlas of Canada 34, 1978, 1 sheet, https://doi.org/10.4095/295307 Open Access |
| Year | 1978 |
| Publisher | Canada Surveys and Mapping Branch |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English; French |
| Maps | 1 map |
| Map Info. | hydrographic, 1:10,000,000 |
| Projection | Lambert Conformal Conic Projection |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; jpg |
| Province | British Columbia; Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba; Ontario; Quebec; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Prince Edward Island; Newfoundland and Labrador; Northwest Territories; Yukon; Nunavut; Canada |
| NTS | 1; 2; 3; 10; 11; 12; 13; 14; 15; 16; 20; 21; 22; 23; 24; 25; 26; 27; 28; 29; 30; 31; 32; 33; 34; 35; 36; 37; 38; 39; 40; 41; 42; 43; 44; 45; 46; 47; 48; 49; 52; 53; 54; 55; 56; 57; 58; 59; 62; 63; 64; 65;
66; 67; 68; 69; 72; 73; 74; 75; 76; 77; 78; 79; 82; 83; 84; 85; 86; 87; 88; 89; 92; 93; 94; 95; 96; 97; 98; 99; 102; 103; 104; 105; 106; 107; 114O; 114P; 115; 116; 117; 120; 340; 560 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -141.0000 -50.0000 90.0000 41.7500 |
| Subjects | hydrogeology; environmental geology; hydrology; water levels; dams; electricity |
| Released | 1978 01 01 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
The map shows dam sites and reservoir capacity in 1969, the water diversions in 1975, the steam-electric generating station greater than 20 megawatts operating in 1974, the
industrial waste disposal well sites in 1970, the irrigated areas in 1970 and the drained and protected areas in 1970. There are many areas where man can have a profound influence on natural water systems. Although they cannot be illustrated in map
form, particularly on the scale of this map, the following can be considered as areas where man can have deleterious effects on the water environment. Although 90 per cent of Canada's population is concentrated within 150 miles of the international
border, approximately 60 per cent of the nation's total runoff is carried by rivers which flow away from densely populated southern areas. Many schemes have been proposed for diverting water from these rivers to increase the water supply in the
southern parts of the country. The few diversions constructed to date have been relatively small a |
| GEOSCAN ID | 295307 |
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