| Title | A report on water quality monitoring in Quesnel Lake, British Columbia, subsequent to the Mount Polley tailings dam spill, using optical satellite imagery |
| Download | Downloads |
| |
| Licence | Please note the adoption of the Open Government Licence - Canada
supersedes any previous licences. |
| Author | Hodul, M; White, H P ; Knudby, A |
| Source | Geomatics Canada, Open File 70, 2022, 28 pages, https://doi.org/10.4095/330556  Open Access |
| Image |  |
| Year | 2022 |
| Publisher | Natural Resources Canada |
| Document | open file |
| Lang. | English |
| Media | digital; on-line |
| Related | NRCan photo(s) in this
publication |
| File format | readme
|
| File format | pdf; doc; rtf; py; xml; txt; png; jaz |
| Province | British Columbia |
| NTS | 93A |
| Area | Quesnel Lake; Mount Polley; Hazeltine Creek |
| Lat/Long WENS | -122.0000 -120.0000 53.0000 52.0000 |
| Subjects | environmental geology; geochemistry; Health and Safety; hydrogeology; Nature and Environment; Science and Technology; lake water geochemistry; water quality; dams; tailings; satellite imagery; heavy
metals contamination; lead; arsenic; selenium; vanadium; optical properties |
| Illustrations | flow charts; spectrograms; models; satellite images; tables; photographs; screen captures |
| Program | Canada Centre for Remote Sensing Remote Sensing Science Program - Optical methods and applications |
| Released | 2022 08 25 |
| Abstract | (unpublished)
In the early morning on the 4th of August 2014, a tailings dam near Quesnel, BC burst, spilling approximately 25 million m3 of runoff containing heavy metal elements into nearby
Quesnel Lake (Byrne et al. 2018). The runoff slurry, which included lead, arsenic, selenium, and vanadium spilled through Hazeltine Creek, scouring its banks and picking up till and forest cover on the way, and ultimately ended up in Quesnel Lake,
whose water level rose by 1.5 m as a result. While the introduction of heavy metals into Quesnel Lake was of environmental concern, the additional till and forest cover scoured from the banks of Hazeltine Creek added to the lake has also been of
concern to salmon spawning grounds. Immediate repercussions of the spill involved the damage of sensitive environments along the banks and on the lake bed, the closing of the seasonal salmon fishery in the lake, and a change in the microbial
composition of the lake bed (Hatam et al. 2019). In addition, there appears to be a seasonal resuspension of the tailings sediment due to thermal cycling of the water and surface winds (Hamilton et al. 2020). While the water quality of Quesnel Lake
continues to be monitored for the tailings sediments, primarily by members at the Quesnel River Research Centre, the sample-and-test methods of water quality testing used, while highly accurate, are expensive to undertake, and not spatially
exhaustive. The use of remote sensing techniques, though not as accurate as lab testing, allows for the relatively fast creation of expansive water quality maps using sensors mounted on boats, planes, and satellites (Ritchie et al. 2003). The most
common method for the remote sensing of surface water quality is through the use of a physics-based semianalytical model which simulates light passing through a water column with a given set of Inherent Optical Properties (IOPs), developed by Lee et
al. (1998) and commonly referred to as a Radiative Transfer Model (RTM). The RTM forward-models a wide range of water-leaving spectral signatures based on IOPs determined by a mix of water constituents, including natural materials and pollutants.
Remote sensing imagery is then used to invert the model by finding the modelled water spectrum which most closely resembles that seen in the imagery (Brando et al 2009). This project set out to develop an RTM water quality model to monitor the water
quality in Quesnel Lake, allowing for the entire surface of the lake to be mapped at once, in an effort to easily determine the timing and extent of resuspension events, as well as potentially investigate greening events reported by locals. The
project intended to use a combination of multispectral imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), as well as hyperspectral imagery (DESIS), combined with field calibration/validation of the resulting models. The project began in the Autumn before the COVID
pandemic, with plans to undertake a comprehensive fieldwork campaign to gather model calibration data in the summer of 2020. Since a province-wide travel shutdown and social distancing procedures made it difficult to carry out water quality surveying
in a small boat, an insufficient amount of fieldwork was conducted to suit the needs of the project. Thus, the project has been put on hold, and the primary researcher has moved to a different project. This document stands as a report on all of the
work conducted up to April 2021, intended largely as an instructional document for researchers who may wish to continue the work once fieldwork may freely and safely resume. This research was undertaken at the University of Ottawa, with supporting
funding provided by the Earth Observations for Cumulative Effects (EO4CE) Program Work Package 10b: Site Monitoring and Remediation, Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, through the Natural Resources Canada Research Affiliate Program (RAP). |
| Summary | (Plain Language Summary, not published)
On 4-August-2014 a tailings dam near Quesnel, BC breached, releasing approximately 25 million m3 of runoff containing heavy metal elements into nearby
Quesnel Lake. The runoff slurry spilled through Hazeltine Creek, scouring its banks and picking up till and forest cover on the way and ultimately ended up in Quesnel Lake whose water level rose by 1.5 m. While the introduction of heavy metals into
Quesnel Lake was of environmental concern, the additional till and forest cover scoured from the banks of Hazeltine Creek has also been of concern to nearby salmon spawning grounds. While the water quality of Quesnel Lake continues to be monitored
for tailings sediments, the sample-and-test methods of water quality testing used are expensive to undertake and not spatially exhaustive. The use of remote sensing would allow for a relatively fast creation of expansive water quality maps using
sensors mounted on boats, planes, and satellites. This project set out to develop models to monitor water quality in Quesnel Lake, allowing for the entire surface of the lake to be mapped at once in an effort to easily determine the timing and extent
of resuspension events, as well as potentially investigate greening events reported by locals. The project intended to use a combination of multispectral imagery (Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2), as well as hyperspectral imagery (DESIS), combined with
field calibration/validation of the resulting models. This project was put on hold due to 2019-2021 pandemic regional restrictions on field work and access. This document stands as a report on all of the work conducted up to April 2021, intended
largely as an instructional document for researchers who may wish to continue the work once fieldwork may freely and safely resume. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 330556 |
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