| Title | The metamorphic and magmatic record of collisional orogens |
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| Author | Weller, O; Mottram, C; St-Onge, M R; Moller, C; Strachan, R; Rivers, T |
| Source | Nature Reviews Earth & Environment vol. 2, issue 11, 2021 p. 1-19, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-021-00218-z |
| Image |  |
| Year | 2021 |
| Alt Series | Natural Resources Canada, Contribution Series 20210115 |
| Publisher | Springer |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf |
| Province | Quebec; Newfoundland and Labrador; Ontario; Nunavut |
| NTS | 2; 3; 12; 13; 15; 16; 21; 22; 23; 25; 26; 27; 31; 32; 35; 36; 37; 38; 41; 47; 48; 57; 58 |
| Area | Baffin Island; Ungava Peninsula; Tibet; India; Pakistan; Nepal; Bhutan; Greenland; Denmark; Norway; Sweden; United States of America |
| Lat/Long WENS | -82.0000 -55.0000 55.0000 43.0000 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -90.0000 -60.0000 74.0000 61.0000 |
| Lat/Long WENS | 75.0000 96.0000 36.0000 26.0000 |
| Lat/Long WENS | -27.0000 -11.0000 82.0000 70.0000 |
| Lat/Long WENS | 5.0000 30.0000 72.0000 70.0000 |
| Lat/Long WENS | 8.0000 22.0000 62.0000 55.0000 |
| Subjects | tectonics; structural geology; Science and Technology; Nature and Environment; orogenies; orogenesis; tectonic interpretations; tectonic history; metamorphism; magmatism; geological history; thermal
history; bedrock geology; basement geology; lithology; metamorphic rocks; igneous rocks; structural features; crustal thickness; crustal structure; rheology; Archean; Himalaya-Tibet Orogen; Grenville Orogen; Trans-Hudson Orogen; Superior Craton;
Caledonian Orogen; Sveconorwegian Orogen; Phanerozoic; Cenozoic; Paleozoic; Precambrian; Proterozoic |
| Illustrations | schematic cross-sections; phase diagrams; geochronological charts; location maps; geoscientific sketch maps |
| Program | Open Geoscience |
| Released | 2021 10 19 |
| Abstract | The Cenozoic Himalaya-Tibet orogen is generally regarded as the archetypal continental collision zone and is often used as an analogue for interpreting ancient orogenic events. However, given the wide
diversity observed in present-day collisional mountain belts, the extent to which such inferences can be made remains debated. In this Review, we compare the metamorphic and magmatic record of the Himalaya-Tibet orogen to four ancient orogens - the
Palaeozoic Caledonian orogen, the Meso-Neoproterozoic Grenville and Sveconorwegian orogens, and the Palaeoproterozoic Trans-Hudson orogen - to establish the controls on the underlying dynamics and the nature of the resulting rock record. The
similarities in rock records, and, thus, thermal conditions, are interpreted to result from comparable foreland strengths, resulting in similar maximum crustal thicknesses. Apparent differences in the records are mainly attributed to variation in
exposed structural level rather than fundamentally different tectonic processes. We, therefore, suggest that foreland rheology is a critical factor in determining the effectiveness of orogen comparisons. Future research is required to investigate the
causes and consequences of lateral variability in mountain belts, in particular, focussing on the record of orogens smaller than those considered here, and to understand if and why mountain building processes have varied through Earth history.
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| Summary | (Plain Language Summary, not published)
The Himalaya mountains are generally regarded as the archetypal collisional mountain range and are used as an analogue in the study of ancient mountain
belts. In this review, the Himalaya are compared with four of Earth's largest ancient mountain belts (or orogens) - the Caledonian orogen, the Grenville and Sveconorwegian orogens, and the Trans-Hudson orogen - to determine commonalities and
differences. To provide a framework for the comparison, the magmatic and metamorphic rock records (the 'barcode') are compared. Commonalities include deformation and magmatism that predates collision, continental subduction, crustal thickening and
mid-crustal metamorphism. Differences include the degree of preservation of the collisional lower-plate, exposure of deep-crustal and subduction-related rocks, and late-collisional magmatism. Most of these differences can be attributed to variations
in exposure level. Common threads back to the Trans-Hudson orogen suggest that modern plate tectonic processes have occurred for at least ~half Earth history. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 328388 |
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