| Title | LiDAR-based quantitative assessment of drumlin to mega-scale glacial lineation continuums and flow of the paleo Seneca-Cayuga paleo-ice stream |
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| Author | Sookhan, S; Eyles, N; Bukhari, S; Paulen, R C |
| Source | Quaternary Science Reviews vol. 263, 107003, 2021 p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107003  Open Access |
| Year | 2021 |
| Alt Series | Natural Resources Canada, Contribution Series 20200707 |
| Publisher | Elsevier |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf; html |
| Area | Lake Ontario; New York State; Finger Lakes; Oneida Lake; Mohawk River; United States of America |
| Lat/Long WENS | -78.0000 -75.2500 43.8667 41.0000 |
| Subjects | surficial geology/geomorphology; geophysics; Nature and Environment; Science and Technology; glacial landforms; drumlins; glacial features; proglacial lakes; glacial deposits; tills; clasts; glacial
history; Wisconsinian glacial stage; deglaciation; ice flow; basin evolution; statistical analyses; erosion; bedrock topography; petrographic analyses; quartzites; modelling; Laurentide Ice Sheet; Seneca-Cayuga Ice Stream; Rochester Basin; Onondaga
Escarpment; Valley Heads Moraine; Grimsby Formation; Allegheny Plateau; Digital elevation data; ice streams; ice-flow directions; machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Methodology; Phanerozoic; Cenozoic; Quaternary |
| Illustrations | location maps; digital elevation models; 3-D models; flow diagrams; geoscientific sketch maps; plots; tables; models |
| Program | GEM2: Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals Hudson/Ungava, Northeastern Quebec-Labrador, surficial geology |
| Program | GEM2: Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals Mackenzie Corridor, Southern Mackenzie Surficial Mapping |
| Released | 2021 06 09 |
| Abstract | Shortly after 14,500 ybp during the deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in eastern North America, the 80 km wide Seneca-Cayuga paleo ice stream occupied the overdeepened New York State Finger Lake
basins. The topography of the former ice stream bed can be evaluated from high-resolution LiDAR DEM data, allowing mapping of almost four thousand subglacially streamlined bedforms such as drumlins and mega-scale glacial lineations using
Curvature-based Relief Separation. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were then applied to the statistical analysis of bedform elongation ratio and orientation using Natural Neighbor Interpolation and unsupervised machine learning-based data
clustering. Analysis reveals a geomorphic continuum of as many as seven morphotypes of streamlined bedforms from drumlins to mega-scale glacial lineations with intermediate 'channeled drumlins' possibly recording erosion of parent drumlins. Spatial
analysis using orientation Grouping Analysis identifies several flow-parallel sets of bedforms reflecting the presence of multiple ice flow units in the ice stream up to 10 km wide that were topographically controlled by glacially-overdeepened basins
of lakes Canandaigua, Seneca, and Cayuga (-151, -306, -242 below mean sea level respectively). Longitudinal variation in bedform elongation along as much as 60 km length of flow lines is provisionally interpreted as a proxy for ice flow velocities
which ranged from steady state flow (drumlins), intermediate velocities (channeled drumlins) to fast flow (mega-scale glacial lineations). Evolution in bedforms occurred rapidly likely over a time frame of several hundred years. Quantitative data
also identifies faster axial flow and slower flow along the margins of each ice flow unit. Fast flow was triggered at the grounding lines of flow units terminating in deep (as much as 600 m) proglacial lakes at the southern end of each overdeepened
Finger Lake basin and propagated northwards along each flow unit at different rates reflecting the size and depth of frontal waterbodies. Petrographic data from tills derived from distinctive Paleozoic quartzites outcropping in a narrow west-east
belt perpendicular to flow of each ice stream identifies extended longitudinal subglacial advection during fast flow consistent with very rapid bedform evolution. |
| Summary | (Plain Language Summary, not published)
We have identified new geomorphological evidence from high resolution LiDAR mapping that demonstrates the former presence of ice streams in the Finger
Lakes during the last glaciation and identifies their possible role in the erosion and overdeepening of these basins. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 328021 |
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