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TitleLiDAR-based quantitative assessment of drumlin to mega-scale glacial lineation continuums and flow of the paleo Seneca-Cayuga paleo-ice stream
 
AuthorSookhan, S; Eyles, N; Bukhari, S; Paulen, R CORCID logo
SourceQuaternary Science Reviews vol. 263, 107003, 2021 p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107003 Open Access logo Open Access
Year2021
Alt SeriesNatural Resources Canada, Contribution Series 20200707
PublisherElsevier
Documentserial
Lang.English
Mediapaper; on-line; digital
File formatpdf; html
AreaLake Ontario; New York State; Finger Lakes; Oneida Lake; Mohawk River; United States of America
Lat/Long WENS -78.0000 -75.2500 43.8667 41.0000
Subjectssurficial geology/geomorphology; geophysics; Nature and Environment; Science and Technology; glacial landforms; drumlins; glacial features; proglacial lakes; glacial deposits; tills; clasts; glacial history; Wisconsinian glacial stage; deglaciation; ice flow; basin evolution; statistical analyses; erosion; bedrock topography; petrographic analyses; quartzites; modelling; Laurentide Ice Sheet; Seneca-Cayuga Ice Stream; Rochester Basin; Onondaga Escarpment; Valley Heads Moraine; Grimsby Formation; Allegheny Plateau; Digital elevation data; ice streams; ice-flow directions; machine learning; Artificial intelligence; Methodology; Phanerozoic; Cenozoic; Quaternary
Illustrationslocation maps; digital elevation models; 3-D models; flow diagrams; geoscientific sketch maps; plots; tables; models
ProgramGEM2: Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals Hudson/Ungava, Northeastern Quebec-Labrador, surficial geology
ProgramGEM2: Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals Mackenzie Corridor, Southern Mackenzie Surficial Mapping
Released2021 06 09
AbstractShortly after 14,500 ybp during the deglaciation of the Laurentide Ice Sheet in eastern North America, the 80 km wide Seneca-Cayuga paleo ice stream occupied the overdeepened New York State Finger Lake basins. The topography of the former ice stream bed can be evaluated from high-resolution LiDAR DEM data, allowing mapping of almost four thousand subglacially streamlined bedforms such as drumlins and mega-scale glacial lineations using Curvature-based Relief Separation. Qualitative and quantitative techniques were then applied to the statistical analysis of bedform elongation ratio and orientation using Natural Neighbor Interpolation and unsupervised machine learning-based data clustering. Analysis reveals a geomorphic continuum of as many as seven morphotypes of streamlined bedforms from drumlins to mega-scale glacial lineations with intermediate 'channeled drumlins' possibly recording erosion of parent drumlins. Spatial analysis using orientation Grouping Analysis identifies several flow-parallel sets of bedforms reflecting the presence of multiple ice flow units in the ice stream up to 10 km wide that were topographically controlled by glacially-overdeepened basins of lakes Canandaigua, Seneca, and Cayuga (-151, -306, -242 below mean sea level respectively). Longitudinal variation in bedform elongation along as much as 60 km length of flow lines is provisionally interpreted as a proxy for ice flow velocities which ranged from steady state flow (drumlins), intermediate velocities (channeled drumlins) to fast flow (mega-scale glacial lineations). Evolution in bedforms occurred rapidly likely over a time frame of several hundred years. Quantitative data also identifies faster axial flow and slower flow along the margins of each ice flow unit. Fast flow was triggered at the grounding lines of flow units terminating in deep (as much as 600 m) proglacial lakes at the southern end of each overdeepened Finger Lake basin and propagated northwards along each flow unit at different rates reflecting the size and depth of frontal waterbodies. Petrographic data from tills derived from distinctive Paleozoic quartzites outcropping in a narrow west-east belt perpendicular to flow of each ice stream identifies extended longitudinal subglacial advection during fast flow consistent with very rapid bedform evolution.
Summary(Plain Language Summary, not published)
We have identified new geomorphological evidence from high resolution LiDAR mapping that demonstrates the former presence of ice streams in the Finger Lakes during the last glaciation and identifies their possible role in the erosion and overdeepening of these basins.
GEOSCAN ID328021

 
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