| Title | New constraints on coseismic slip during southern Cascadia subduction zone earthquakes over the past 4600 years implied by tsunami deposits and marine turbidites |
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| Author | Priest, G R; Witter, R C; Zhang, L J; Goldfinger, C; Wang, K ; Allan, J C |
| Source | Natural Hazards vol. 88, issue 1, 2017 p. 285-313, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-017-2864-9  Open Access |
| Image |  |
| Year | 2017 |
| Alt Series | Earth Sciences Sector, Contribution Series 20160271 |
| Publisher | Springer Nature |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf |
| Area | Cascadia subduction zone; Cape Blanco; Alsea Bay; Coquille Bank; Coos Bay; Bradley Lake; United States of America |
| Lat/Long WENS | -125.5000 -124.0000 44.5000 42.5000 |
| Subjects | tsunami; subduction zones; earthquakes; turbidites; faults, slip; Hydrate Ridge |
| Illustrations | location maps; diagrams; tables; correlation charts |
| Program | Public Safety Geoscience Western Canada Geohazards Project |
| Released | 2017 04 29 |
| Abstract | Forecasting earthquake and tsunami hazards along the southern Cascadia subduction zone is complicated by uncertainties in the amount of megathrust fault slip during past ruptures. Here, we estimate slip
on hypothetical ruptures of the southern part of the megathrust through comparisons of late Holocene Cascadia earthquake histories derived from tsunami deposits on land and marine turbidites offshore. Bradley Lake in southern Oregon lies ~600 m
landward of the shoreline and contains deposits from 12 tsunamis in the past 4600 years. Tsunami simulations that overtop the 6-m-high lake outlet, generated by ruptures with most slip south of Cape Blanco, require release of at least as much strain
on the megathrust as would accumulate in 430 - 640 years (>15 - 22 m). Such high slip is inconsistent with global seismic data for a rupture ~300-km long and slip deficits over the past ~4700 years on the southern Cascadia subduction zone. Assuming
slip deficits accumulated during the time intervals between marine turbidites, up to 8 of 12 tsunami inundations at the lake are predicted from a marine core site 170 km north of the lake (at Hydrate Ridge) compared to 4 of 12 when using a core site
~80 km south (at Rogue Apron). Longer time intervals between turbidites at Hydrate Ridge imply larger slip deficits compared to Rogue Apron. The different inundations predicted by the two records suggest that Hydrate Ridge records subduction ruptures
that extend past both Rogue Apron and Bradley Lake. We also show how turbidite-based estimates of CSZ rupture length relate to tsunami source scenarios for probabilistic tsunami hazard assessments consistent with lake inundations over the last ~4600
years. |
| Summary | (Plain Language Summary, not published)
Seafloor turbidity records and coastal microfossil records both indicate heterogeneous rupture of the megathrust in past great Cascadia earthquakes, with
the implication that the southernmost area might have had more frequent rupture of smaller magnitudes. It is thus important to investigate the impact of such heterogeneity to tsunami hazards. This work represents one step in this investigation. It
studies how tsunami deposits and marine turbites can be used to constrain coseismic slip in the southernmost area of the subduction zone. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 299438 |
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