| Title | Palliser's Triangle: reconstructing the 'central desert' of the southwestern Canadian prairies during the late 1850s |
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| Author | Wolfe, S A ;
Hugenholtz, C H; Lian, O B |
| Source | The Holocene vol. 23, no. 5, 2013 p. 699-701, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683612470179 |
| Image |  |
| Year | 2013 |
| Alt Series | Earth Sciences Sector, Contribution Series 20120206 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications |
| Document | serial |
| Lang. | English |
| Media | paper; on-line; digital |
| File format | pdf |
| Province | Alberta; Saskatchewan; Manitoba |
| NTS | 62E; 62F; 62K; 62L; 72E; 72F; 72G; 72H; 72I; 72J; 72K; 72L; 72M; 72N; 72O; 72P; 73B; 73C; 73D; 82H; 82I; 82P; 83A |
| Area | Canadian Prairies; Calgary; Saskatoon; Regina; Swift Current; Medicine Hat; Lethbridge |
| Lat/Long WENS | -114.0000 -100.0000 53.0000 49.0000 |
| Subjects | sedimentology; Nature and Environment; eolian deposits; dunes; dunes, parabolic; depositional history; depositional environment; Palliser Triangle |
| Illustrations | location maps; plots; tables; aerial photographs |
| Program | Climate Change Geoscience |
| Released | 2013 02 15 |
| Abstract | Between 1857 and 1860 the British North American Expedition, led by Captain John Palliser, explored and surveyed the Canadian Prairies primarily to establish its suitability for agriculture and
settlement. Historical and paleoclimate records indicate the Expedition coincided with below normal precipitation, leading to the perception of an arid or semi-arid region that would 'forever be comparatively useless' for agriculture. Today, this
part of the Canadian Prairies is known as the Palliser Triangle, and is Canada's productive dryland agricultural region. Here we present historic, geomorphologic, and chronometric evidence to reconstruct the landscape encountered by the Expedition.
We contend that Palliser's perception of the region was strongly influenced by his experience travelling through active sand dunes in the Middle Sand Hills of southeastern Alberta. At present, the dunes are entirely stabilized by vegetation, in
contrast to Palliser's report of 'miles of burning sand'. Archival aerial photographs and optical ages of near-surface samples are used to reconstruct the landscape encountered by the Expedition in the Middle Sand Hills. Optical ages of presently
stabilized sand dunes date primarily to between ad 1850 and 1934, peaking in c. ad 1925, and are indicative of a dune field undergoing reduction in activity, prior to the onset of 20th century droughts. Ages of interdune sand sheets further attest to
regional dune activity occurring at least since ad 1750, concurrent with activity in other southern Canadian Prairie dune fields. Collectively, this evidence supports observations by Palliser of severe travelling due to bare sand conditions in
1857-1859. These conditions and Palliser's inference of their extent influenced his perception of a 'central desert', thus delaying construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway along a southern route and postponing the westward colonization of
Canada. |
| GEOSCAN ID | 291858 |
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